Endovascular reconstruction of aneurysms with a complex geometry

Conventional endovascular coiling remains the mainstay of treatment for most aneurysms; however, it may not be suitable for aneurysms with a complex geometry and there remains the risk of recanalization. Aneurysms with an unfavorable morphology are difficult to treat through both endovascular and surgical means. Progress in endovascular technology has allowed for the emergence of newer strategies to treat aneurysms with a complex geometry. Better packing density in wide-necked and large aneurysms can be achieved through the balloon remodeling technique. Similarly, a self-expanding stent cannot only act as a scaffold that helps to retain coils but also aids in diverting the blood flow away from the aneurysm sac. Lately, focus has shifted from endosaccular occlusion to endoluminal reconstruction; flow diverters are being increasingly used to treat aneurysms with an unfavorable geometry. However, there is no clear consensus on the best endovascular management strategy in certain subset of aneurysms - large and giant internal carotid aneurysms, blister aneurysms, and fusiform/dissecting aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar artery. We present a review of literature and discuss the current evidence for the various endovascular strategies to treat complex aneurysms.