Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1.7K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
1.7K
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

678
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
678
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

1.6K
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
1.6K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

1.0K
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
1.0K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.3K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.3K
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

1.3K
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychopathy traits and their link to emotion recognition impairments in conduct disorder.

JCPP advances·2026
Same author

Current global crises and youth mental health in Germany: the role of media use, coping and resources.

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026
Same author

Visual Search Performance in Children With ASD: A Combined Case-Control and Longitudinal Study.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2026
Same author

Attenuated selective attention during visual perspective taking in autism: A combined behavior, ERP, and pupillometry study.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2026
Same author

[Autism spectrum disorders-Transition from adolescence into adulthood].

Der Nervenarzt·2026
Same author

Stress reactivity of the autonomic nervous system in youth with and without major depressive disorder.

European child & adolescent psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.8K

Classifying Autism Spectrum Disorders by ADI-R: Subtypes or Severity Gradient?

Hannah Cholemkery1, Juliane Medda2, Thomas Lempp2

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Hospital, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany. Hannah.Cholemkery@kgu.de.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|March 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three distinct subgroups within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on symptom severity. Findings support both a symptom profile and gradient model for understanding ASD heterogeneity.

Keywords:
Autism Diagnostic Interview-revisedAutism spectrum disorderCluster analysisDSM-5DiagnosisPsychometric assessment

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
08:30

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.8K
Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
07:38

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.8K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests
08:30

Author Spotlight: Exploring Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Fruit Flies — Genetic Models and Behavioral Tests

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.8K
Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
07:38

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Clinical psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant phenotypic heterogeneity, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • Current diagnostic approaches may not fully capture the spectrum's diverse presentations.
  • Identifying distinct ASD subgroups is crucial for personalized interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinically meaningful subgroups of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  • To reduce phenotypic heterogeneity in ASD and inform diagnostic discussions.
  • To empirically derive ASD subgroups using cluster analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cluster analysis on data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-revised (ADI-R).
  • Analyzed a large sample of 463 individuals diagnosed with ASD, aged 3-21 years.
  • Identified subgroups based on core symptom severity, including social communication impairments (SCI) and stereotyped repetitive behaviors (RRB).

Main Results:

  • Three distinct ASD subgroups were identified through cluster analysis.
  • Cluster 2 represented individuals with the most severe core symptoms.
  • Cluster 3 showed moderate SCI and less RRB, while Cluster 1 had minor SCI and more RRB.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the existence of distinct symptom profiles within ASD.
  • Results provide evidence for a gradient model of ASD, reflecting varying symptom severity.
  • This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of ASD heterogeneity.