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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Calreticulin, a therapeutic target?

Paul Eggleton1, Edwin Bremer1,2, Elzbieta Dudek3

  • 1a Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science , University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter Devon , UK.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|March 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calreticulin, an ER protein, moves to the cell surface during stress, acting as a damage signal. Its properties offer potential for cancer therapy and immune treatments.

Keywords:
Calreticulincancerendoplasmic reticulumimmunogenic cell death

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein vital for calcium homeostasis and protein folding.
  • It is found on the cell surface of stressed, apoptotic, or necrotic cells, suggesting extracellular roles.
  • Cellular stress, including hypoxia and drug exposure, may upregulate calreticulin, potentially involving unfolded protein response (UPR) and genome damage response (GDR) pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss cell surface calreticulin and its extracellular functions, particularly in immunogenic cell death.
  • To evaluate calreticulin's role as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule.
  • To explore therapeutic applications of calreticulin's properties in vaccine development and cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing literature on calreticulin's localization and functions.
  • Evaluation of evidence supporting calreticulin's role as a DAMP molecule.
  • Analysis of the potential for exploiting calreticulin's properties in therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cell surface calreticulin is implicated in immunogenic cell death.
  • Calreticulin's extracellular functions and its role as a DAMP molecule are supported by evidence.
  • The protein's properties can be leveraged for therapeutic vaccine development and cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Calreticulin's protein folding and immune-stimulatory functions present therapeutic opportunities.
  • Further elucidation of the molecular pathways governing calreticulin's functions is necessary.
  • Targeting calreticulin's multifaceted properties holds promise for treating various diseases.