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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Answer to comment on article "Severe scorpionism causing acute flaccid paralysis. Case report"].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Contusion Spinal Cord Injury via a Microsurgical Laminectomy in the Regenerative Axolotl
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[Scorpionism causing severe acute flaccid paralysis. Case report].

Alberto I Villa-Manzano1, Ma Guadalupe Vázquez-Solís, Xochitl Xitlalli Zamora-López

  • 1Centro Regional de Información y Atención Toxicológica, Cruz Verde de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. albertovillamanzano@yahoo.com.mx.

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|March 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Scorpion stings from the Centruroides genus can cause acute flaccid paralysis, a rare complication. Early diagnosis and specific fabotherapy are crucial for managing this severe neurotoxic effect.

Keywords:
Arachnid controlParalysisScorpion stings

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Scorpionism is a significant global health issue, with Mexico reporting the highest incidence.
  • Severe scorpion stings can lead to systemic effects impacting cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological functions, potentially causing death.

Observation:

  • This case report details scorpionism caused by the highly toxic Centruroides genus (Family Buthidae).
  • The patient developed acute flaccid paralysis following other severe manifestations of the sting.

Findings:

  • Acute flaccid paralysis is a previously undocumented manifestation of Centruroides scorpion stings in Mexico.
  • This contrasts with a single existing report linking acute flaccid paralysis to Parabuthus scorpion stings in South Africa.

Implications:

  • Recognizing acute flaccid paralysis as a complication of Centruroides envenomation is vital for timely diagnosis.
  • Appropriate management, including specific fabotherapy and advanced life support, is essential for improving survival rates in patients with respiratory failure.