Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Kashmir: A temperate zone

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Allergic Eye Diseases
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, seasonal allergic eye condition.
• Prevalence varies geographically, often higher in hot, humid climates with allergen exposure.
• Clinical presentation can differ based on geographic location and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To observe and document the clinical features of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients.
• To analyze the demographic profile, disease types, and complications in VKC patients.
• To understand the geographical variation in VKC presentation within a cooler region.

Main Methods:

• Non-interventional study conducted at a mobile eye unit in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Examination of 212 patients diagnosed with VKC based on history, clinical features, and slit-lamp examination.
• Data collection included patient demographics, laterality, seasonality, disease type, and complications.

Main Results:

• 212 VKC patients studied: 73% males, 27% females; 40% aged 11-15 years.
• 93% had bilateral disease, 75% experienced seasonal attacks.
• Bulbar (77%) and mixed (16%) types were most common; 30% had complications (glaucoma, cataract, keratoconus, scarring); 2% had visual impairment.

Conclusions:

• VKC in this cooler region predominantly affects males, is bilateral and seasonal.
• Significant ocular complications and visual impairment underscore the need for vigilant management.
• Supervision by an ophthalmologist and stage-based treatment guidelines are crucial for VKC patients.