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New Gram-Positive Agents: the Next Generation of Oxazolidinones and Lipoglycopeptides

Matthew P Crotty1, Tamara Krekel2, C A Burnham3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|March 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

New antibiotics, including tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin, offer hope against resistant bacteria like MRSA and VRE. These agents show efficacy in treating skin infections, marking advancements in antimicrobial therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, particularly with pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
  • The pipeline for novel antibiotics has been limited, necessitating the development of new agents to combat resistant infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recently FDA-approved antibiotics: tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin.
  • To discuss their in vitro activity and clinical efficacy against key Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA and VRE.
  • To highlight their role as next-generation oxazolidinones and lipoglycopeptides in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recently approved antibiotics.
  • Analysis of in vitro susceptibility data against MRSA and VRE.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for efficacy in ABSSSI.

Main Results:

  • Tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin are FDA-approved for ABSSSI.
  • All three agents demonstrate in vitro activity and clinical efficacy against MRSA.
  • Tedizolid phosphate and oritavancin show in vitro activity against VRE.

Conclusions:

  • Tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin represent important new therapeutic options for Gram-positive bacterial infections.
  • These agents offer valuable alternatives in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance.
  • Their efficacy against MRSA and, for some, VRE, addresses critical unmet needs in infectious disease treatment.

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