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RAS and sex differences in diabetic nephropathy

Sergi Clotet1, Marta Riera1, Julio Pascual1

  • 1Hospital del Mar-IMIM.

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|March 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Sex hormones influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impacting kidney disease progression in diabetes. Understanding these sex differences in RAS may lead to new diabetic kidney disease treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Sex influences kidney disease incidence and progression.
  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates cardiovascular and renal function.
  • Sex differences exist in renal responses to RAS blockade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of sex hormones on RAS expression.
  • To explore the relationship between sex hormones, RAS, and diabetic kidney disease (DN).
  • To highlight potential new therapeutic approaches for DN based on sex dimorphism in RAS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of sex hormone modulation in diabetes.
  • Examination of RAS alterations in the diabetic kidney.

Main Results:

  • RAS is altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, playing a role in DN.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are differentially regulated in the diabetic kidney.
  • Sex hormones modulate circulating and renal RAS, potentially explaining sex differences in DN progression.

Conclusions:

  • Sex hormone effects on RAS are implicated in sex-dependent DN progression.
  • Understanding sex dimorphism in RAS offers novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic kidney disease.
Keywords:
ACE2Angiotensin converting enzymeDiabetic Nephropathygender

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