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RAS and sex differences in diabetic nephropathy.
Sergi Clotet1, Marta Riera1, Julio Pascual1
1Hospital del Mar-IMIM.
American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|March 11, 2016
Summary
Sex hormones influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), impacting kidney disease progression in diabetes. Understanding these sex differences in RAS may lead to new diabetic kidney disease treatments.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- Sex influences kidney disease incidence and progression.
- The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates cardiovascular and renal function.
- Sex differences exist in renal responses to RAS blockade.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of sex hormones on RAS expression.
- To explore the relationship between sex hormones, RAS, and diabetic kidney disease (DN).
- To highlight potential new therapeutic approaches for DN based on sex dimorphism in RAS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical and experimental studies.
- Analysis of sex hormone modulation in diabetes.
- Examination of RAS alterations in the diabetic kidney.
Main Results:
- RAS is altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, playing a role in DN.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are differentially regulated in the diabetic kidney.
- Sex hormones modulate circulating and renal RAS, potentially explaining sex differences in DN progression.
Conclusions:
- Sex hormone effects on RAS are implicated in sex-dependent DN progression.
- Understanding sex dimorphism in RAS offers novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic kidney disease.
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