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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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Autism and sleep disorders.

Preeti A Devnani1, Anaita U Hegde2

  • 1Sleep Disorders Clinic, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep problems are common in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), significantly impacting daily life. Behavioral interventions and targeted treatments can improve sleep quality and overall well-being for children with ASD.

Keywords:
Autismautism spectrum disorder childrenmelatonin and autismrapid eye movement sleep and autismsleep disorders and autismsleep disorders in autismsleep in autistic kids

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by social interaction and communication impairments.
  • Sleep disturbances are a prominent feature in ASD, affecting daily functioning and family well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review sleep abnormalities in children with ASD.
  • To explore nonpharmacotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic interventions for ASD-related sleep issues.

Main Methods:

  • PubMed search for English language articles (1995-2015).
  • Keywords included: Autism spectrum disorder, sleep disorders, REM sleep, cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep-wise approach, melatonin.

Main Results:

  • Polysomnography studies in ASD children reveal abnormalities in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, including decreased quantity and altered sleep stages.
  • Nonpharmacotherapeutic measures like bedtime routines are key behavioral management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep problems significantly impact quality of life for children with ASD and their families.
  • Integrated treatment strategies, including behavioral approaches and limited pharmacotherapy, can improve outcomes.