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Related Concept Videos

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
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Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: A Comprehensive Review.

Rashmi Sarkar1, Rashmi Ranjan1, Shilpa Garg1

  • 1Drs. Sarkar, Ranjan, Garg V, and Bansal are from the Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and LokNayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Dr. Garg S is from the Department of Dermatology, Army College of Medical Sciences, Base Hopsital, Delhi Cantt-10, India. Dr. Sonthalia is from Skinnocence Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.

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Periorbital hyperpigmentation, or dark circles, results from diverse factors like genetics and inflammation. Effective treatment requires addressing both the cause and contributing elements for optimal results.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a frequent dermatological concern.
  • Limited scientific data exists on its clinical presentation and underlying causes.
  • POH stems from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical profile and pathogenesis of periorbital hyperpigmentation.
  • To consolidate information on the various etiological factors contributing to POH.
  • To summarize current and emerging treatment modalities for POH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific data on periorbital hyperpigmentation.
  • Analysis of exogenous and endogenous factors implicated in POH.
  • Compilation of treatment options, including topical agents and physical therapies.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous causes of POH: genetics, excessive pigmentation, postinflammatory changes, edema, vascularity, skin laxity, and aging.
  • Highlighted treatment options such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, retinoic acid, chemical peels, surgery, and laser therapy.
  • Noted that many treatments are adapted from melasma therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Periorbital hyperpigmentation is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences.
  • Successful management necessitates identifying and treating the root cause alongside contributing factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate POH pathogenesis and optimize treatments.