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When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques
11:34

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Published on: December 3, 2013

16.1K

A Secure and Robust Compressed Domain Video Steganography for Intra- and Inter-Frames Using Embedding-Based Byte

Tarik Idbeaa1,2, Salina Abdul Samad1, Hafizah Husain1

  • 1Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Plos One
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces embedding-based byte differencing (EBBD), a novel video steganography method. EBBD securely hides data in both intra and inter frames of compressed videos, offering improved imperceptibility and payload capacity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques
11:34

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Published on: December 3, 2013

16.1K

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Current video steganographic techniques often focus solely on intra frames.
  • A need exists for robust methods embedding data in both intra and inter frames of compressed video.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, secure, and robust steganographic technique for the compressed video domain.
  • To enhance data hiding capabilities by utilizing both intra and inter frames.

Main Methods:

  • Developed embedding-based byte differencing (EBBD) technique for MPEG-2 compressed videos.
  • Embedded information by manipulating quantized AC coefficients (AC-QTCs) of luminance components.
  • Incorporated data encryption using simplified data encryption standard (S-DES) and pseudo-random key for security.

Main Results:

  • Successfully embedded and extracted information from compressed videos with high imperceptibility and payload capacity.
  • Achieved minimal bitrate increase and negligible Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) degradation.
  • Demonstrated superior performance compared to existing techniques.

Conclusions:

  • EBBD offers an excellent trade-off between imperceptibility and payload capacity in video steganography.
  • The technique provides enhanced security through encryption and key-based data concealing.
  • EBBD represents a significant advancement in secure compressed video data hiding.