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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.9K
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

7.1K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid
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Increasing topical anesthetic efficacy with microneedle application.

Ömer Buhsem1, Alper Aksoy1, Yavuz Kececi2

  • 1a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Bursa Konur Medical Center , Bursa , Turkey.

Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy : Official Publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Microneedle application significantly enhances topical anesthetic efficacy for laser resurfacing pain. This method offers effective anesthesia, reducing the need for injections and improving patient comfort during procedures.

Keywords:
Laser resurfacingmicroneedle applicationtopical anesthetic

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine
  • Pain Management
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures

Background:

  • Topical anesthetics alone are often insufficient for laser resurfacing pain.
  • Injectable anesthesia is effective but uncomfortable for patients.
  • Investigating microneedle enhancement of topical anesthetics for improved analgesia.

Observation:

  • Forty-seven patients underwent facial laser resurfacing.
  • EMLA topical anesthetic was applied, with microneedle treatment on one side of the face.
  • Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Findings:

  • Microneedle treatment significantly reduced VAS scores compared to the untreated side (2.1 vs. 5.9, p < 0.001).
  • The microneedle roller device provided statistically significant pain reduction.

Implications:

  • Microneedle application is a safe and easy method to enhance topical anesthesia for laser resurfacing.
  • This technique may eliminate the need for supplementary nerve blocks or injections.
  • Improved patient comfort and procedural ease for laser resurfacing treatments.