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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

11.0K
Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials.

Holly J Butler1,2, Lorna Ashton3, Benjamin Bird4

  • 1Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

Nature Protocols
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study standardizes Raman spectroscopy methods for biological analysis. It provides a protocol for generating high-quality chemical and structural data from diverse biological samples without complex preparation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics and Spectroscopy
  • Chemical and Materials Science
  • Biological and Biomedical Analysis

Background:

  • Raman spectroscopy offers label-free chemical and structural analysis of materials.
  • Its application in biology is growing due to minimal water interference and simple sample preparation.
  • Standardized protocols are needed to facilitate its use by non-specialists in biological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To standardize and consolidate experimental approaches for acquiring Raman spectra using a microspectrometer.
  • To provide a robust protocol for sample preparation, instrumentation, acquisition, and data processing.
  • To enable non-specialist users to generate high-quality biological data.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed instructions for acquiring Raman spectra, maps, and images from various biological samples.
  • Includes fresh plant tissue, formalin-fixed and fresh frozen mammalian tissue, fixed cells, and biofluids.
  • Explores optimized sample preparation, instrumentation settings, acquisition parameters, and data processing techniques.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates the successful application of the standardized protocol across diverse biological sample types.
  • Enables the extraction of detailed biochemical and structural information.
  • Facilitates high-quality data generation for biological materials analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol standardizes Raman microspectroscopy for biological applications.
  • It empowers non-specialist users to perform robust analyses.
  • This approach enhances the utility of Raman spectroscopy in biological research and materials analysis.