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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells
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Microfluidic differential immunocapture biochip for specific leukocyte counting.

Umer Hassan1,2,3,4, Nicholas N Watkins1, Bobby Reddy2,3,4

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Nature Protocols
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

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We developed a rapid biosensor for enumerating specific cells, like CD4 and CD8 T cells, from small blood volumes. This protocol enables quick cell counting for research and diagnostics, including HIV/AIDS monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunotechnology
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

  • Enumerating specific cell types from whole blood is crucial for research and diagnostics, such as monitoring CD4 and CD8 T cell counts in HIV/AIDS.
  • Existing methods can be time-consuming and require larger sample volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive protocol for replicating a novel biosensor for rapid enumeration of specific cell types.
  • To enable quick and accurate counting of CD4 and CD8 T cells using minimal blood volume.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a biosensor utilizing differential immunocapture technology.
  • Protocol for immobilizing specific antibodies within a capture chamber for targeted cell enumeration.
  • Demonstration of CD4 and CD8 T cell counting from 10 μl of blood.

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Main Results:

  • The biosensor enumerates specific cells in as little as 30 minutes.
  • The protocol details biosensor production (24 h), optimization (6-9 h), and final assay (30 min).
  • The biochip is adaptable for enumerating other cell types from various biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • This protocol facilitates the replication of an immunocapture-based biosensor for rapid cell enumeration.
  • The technology offers a valuable tool for research in biosensor development and clinical diagnostics.
  • The adaptable platform supports enumeration of diverse cell types, expanding its diagnostic potential.