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Association between secondary thrombocytosis and viral respiratory tract infections in children

Shou-Yan Zheng1, Qiu-Yan Xiao1, Xiao-Hong Xie2

  • 1Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.

Scientific Reports
|March 12, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Secondary thrombocytosis in children is often linked to respiratory infections. Respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections were significantly associated with elevated platelet counts, with human rhinovirus being a risk factor.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Secondary thrombocytosis (ST) is common in children with various conditions.
  • Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the primary cause of ST in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between viral RTIs and ST in children.
  • To identify specific viruses linked to ST and analyze risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3156 pediatric RTI patients.
  • Assessment of nasopharyngeal aspirates for common respiratory viruses.
  • Comparison of platelet counts and viral detection rates between thrombocytosis and normal groups.

Main Results:

  • 817 patients (25.9%) presented with thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥500 × 10^9/L).
  • Significantly higher detection rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) in the thrombocytosis group.
  • HRV single infection identified as a risk factor for ST (OR=1.560, 95% CI=1.108-2.197).
  • ST was more prevalent in younger children with wheezing, dyspnea, and bronchiolitis, associated with longer disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Viral RTIs, particularly RSV and HRV, are associated with ST in children.
  • HRV single infection is a significant risk factor for developing secondary thrombocytosis.

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