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Age and gender-related differences in a spatial memory task in humans.

Irene León1, Laura Tascón1, José Manuel Cimadevilla1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Cognitive functions, including spatial orientation, naturally decline with age.
  • Virtual reality (VR) offers advanced methods for assessing human spatial memory.
  • Age and gender are known factors influencing navigational abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of aging and gender on spatial orientation and navigational skills.
  • To assess spatial memory using a virtual reality-based memory task.
  • To identify age-related and gender-based differences in spatial orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants aged 45–74 were divided into three age groups: 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years.
  • Spatial orientation was assessed using a virtual memory task with two difficulty levels.
  • Performance metrics were analyzed to determine the influence of age and gender.

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited poorer spatial memory performance compared to males across all age groups.
  • In the 65-74 age group, males outperformed females in spatial orientation.
  • Older males (65-74) demonstrated impaired performance relative to the youngest group (45-54).

Conclusions:

  • Spatial memory accuracy diminishes with increasing age.
  • Gender significantly influences spatial orientation and navigational capabilities.
  • VR-based tasks are effective tools for studying age-related cognitive changes in spatial memory.