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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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Long non-coding RNA: A newly deciphered "code" in prostate cancer.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in prostate cancer development. Understanding their roles offers new avenues for discovering prostate cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading cancer diagnosis in males, with ongoing research into its development and progression.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an emerging area of study in prostate cancer.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the function of lncRNAs in prostate cancer.
  • To highlight specific lncRNAs and their mechanisms of action.
  • To discuss the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lncRNAs in prostate cancer.
  • Focus on key lncRNAs, including PCA3, PlncRNA-1, HOTAIR, PRNCR1, and PCGEM1.
  • Analysis of lncRNA interactions with androgen receptor pathway, tumor suppressors, and other cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • PCA3 is the first identified prostate cancer lncRNA, expressed in most cases, with potential clinical utility as a biomarker.
  • Several lncRNAs (PlncRNA-1, HOTAIR, PRNCR1, PCGEM1) interact with the androgen receptor pathway.
  • lncRNAs can influence tumor suppressor activity, DNA repair, transcription, and RNA splicing.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs play multifaceted roles in prostate cancer development and progression.
  • Further understanding of lncRNAs in prostate cancer is crucial for identifying novel biomarkers.
  • lncRNAs hold significant promise for the development of new therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.