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Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

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Published on: December 14, 2014

Codeine-spiked beer in a date rape case?

Stine Marie Havig¹, Elisabeth Wiik², Ritva Karinen²

¹Division of Forensic Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway. stinemarie.havig@fhi.no.

International Journal of Legal Medicine

|March 12, 2016

Summary

Drug-facilitated sexual assault cases may involve codeine and acetaminophen in beer. Studies show these drugs dissolve quickly but significantly alter beer taste and appearance.

Keywords:

Codeine Date rape drug Drug-facilitated sexual assault Solubility Spiking

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Area of Science:

Forensic Toxicology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is a serious concern.
Codeine and acetaminophen are common analgesics with potential for misuse.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the solubility and detectability of codeine and acetaminophen preparations in beer.
To assess the impact of these drugs on beer's sensory properties.

Main Methods:

Beer samples were spiked with codeine and acetaminophen preparations.
Concentrations, appearance, and taste of the spiked beer were analyzed.

Main Results:

Most preparations dissolved rapidly in beer, reaching high concentrations.
Significant alterations in taste and visible changes were observed in the beer.

Conclusions:

Codeine and acetaminophen can be readily dissolved in beer.
Detecting DFSA involving these drugs may be aided by noticeable changes in the beverage.