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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Where Does Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Relapse?

Hugo J A Adams1, John M H de Klerk, Rob Fijnheer

  • 1From the *Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; and Departments of †Nuclear Medicine, ‡Hematology, §Radiology, and ∥Pathology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
|March 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often recurs at prior sites, but new sites also emerge. Nodal relapse predominantly involves previously affected areas, while extranodal relapse is split between old and new locations.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Understanding relapse patterns is crucial for treatment and prognosis.
  • Anatomic patterns of disease spread at relapse compared to baseline are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomic pattern of disease spread at first relapse in DLBCL.
  • To compare disease involvement at relapse with baseline disease sites.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective identification of DLBCL patients achieving complete remission but relapsing.
  • Analysis of histological and imaging data to determine nodal and extranodal involvement at relapse.
  • Comparison of relapse sites with initial disease presentation sites.

Main Results:

  • Of 21 relapsed DLBCL patients, 38.1% relapsed only at previously involved sites.
  • 33.3% relapsed at both previously involved and new sites, and 28.6% relapsed only at new sites.
  • 82.5% of involved nodal regions at relapse were also involved at baseline; 50% of extranodal locations were.

Conclusions:

  • Relapsed DLBCL commonly affects previously involved sites, but recurrence at new sites is significant.
  • Nodal relapse predominantly involves baseline sites, whereas extranodal relapse shows equal involvement of baseline and new sites.