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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Fusion energy research

Background:

  • Stellarator geometry presents complex challenges for gyrokinetic simulations.
  • Numerous subdominant, near-orthogonal unstable and stable eigenmodes arise in these simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first results based on the full eigenmode spectrum in stellarator geometry.
  • To investigate the impact of multiple eigenmodes on nonlinear plasma behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Performing gyrokinetic simulations in stellarator geometry.
  • Analyzing the full eigenmode spectrum, including subdominant modes.
  • Examining nonlinear states of ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence.

Main Results:

  • A multitude of subdominant unstable and stable eigenmodes are active in the nonlinear state.
  • Turbulent frequency spectra exhibit broadband characteristics and a nonlinear signature at electron frequencies.
  • Successful quasilinear, mixing-length transport modeling is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for the full spectrum of unstable modes is essential for accurate stellarator transport modeling.
  • The findings advance understanding of plasma turbulence and transport in complex magnetic confinement geometries.