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Plasma Apelin Concentrations in Patients With Polyuria-Polydipsia Syndrome
Sandrine Andrea Urwyler1, Katharina Timper1, Wiebke Fenske1
1Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (S.A.U., N.F., M.C.-C.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research (K.T.), D-50868 Cologne, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Adiposity Diseases (W.F.), Leipzig University Medical Center, Medical Research Center Building, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions (N.d.M., C.L.-C.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Inserm U1050, Paris F-75005, France; Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (A.B.), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center, Paris F-75015, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (F.K., C.S.), University Hospital Bern-Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (B.A.), Spital Rheinfelden, CH-4310 Rheinfelden, Switzerland; University Clinic of Internal Medicine (J.R.), Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101 Bruderholz, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine and Center for Genetic Medicine (P.K.), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (B.M.), Kantonsspital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland; and Department of Neurology (M.K.), University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Apelin levels differ in polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS). The apelin to copeptin ratio indicates normal water homeostasis in primary polydipsia but disturbed homeostasis in central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
- Physiology
Background:
- Apelin and arginine vasopressin are critical for fluid and osmotic balance.
- No prior data exists on apelin levels in polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS).
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate plasma apelin levels and apelin-to-copeptin ratios in PPS patients.
- Utilize copeptin as a surrogate marker for arginine vasopressin.
Main Methods:
- Post hoc analysis of a prospective study including 41 PPS patients and 113 healthy volunteers.
- Measured plasma apelin and copeptin levels in patients with complete central diabetes insipidus (DI), complete nephrogenic DI, and primary polydipsia (PP).
Main Results:
- Plasma apelin levels were highest in nephrogenic DI and lower in PP and central DI compared to controls.
- Apelin-to-copeptin ratio was similar in PP patients and healthy volunteers.
- Apelin-to-copeptin ratio was elevated in central DI and decreased in nephrogenic DI.
Conclusions:
- A normal apelin-to-copeptin ratio in PP suggests preserved water homeostasis.
- Altered apelin-to-copeptin ratios in central and nephrogenic DI reflect disrupted osmotic and fluid balance.
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