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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
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[Immunosenescence: a review].

Gilles Berrut1, Laure de Decker1

  • 1Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de gérontologie clinique, CHU Nantes, France.

Geriatrie Et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement
|March 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunosenescence, the immune system

Keywords:
elderlyimmune responseinfection vaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Immunology
  • Aging and Immune System Function

Background:

  • Immunosenescence is a natural decline in immune system function with aging.
  • This deterioration is influenced by multimorbidities, environmental factors, and infections in the elderly.
  • Reduced hematopoietic stem cell renewal and impaired epithelial barriers contribute to decreased immune cell populations and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted nature of immunosenescence and its impact on immune response in the elderly.
  • To identify key factors contributing to immune decline and frailty risk.
  • To investigate the role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other biomarkers in assessing immune risk profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on age-related immune changes.
  • Analysis of factors affecting immune cell populations (lymphocytes, dendritic cells, phagocytes, NK cells, B-cells).
  • Consideration of nutritional status, inflammatory biomarkers, and CMV status.

Main Results:

  • Aging leads to reduced lymphocyte, dendritic cell, and phagocyte numbers and function.
  • Cellular immunity is impaired due to decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
  • Humoral immunity is affected by reduced antibody production and immunoglobulin diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosenescence significantly impacts both innate and acquired immunity.
  • Factors like CMV infection, nutritional status, and inflammation are crucial for defining an immune risk profile in the elderly.
  • Maintaining immune function in aging individuals is linked to overall health status.