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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Systemic right-to-left shunts, ischemic brain lesions, and persistent migraine activity

Hille Koppen1, Inge H Palm-Meinders2, Werner H Mess2

  • 1From the Department of Neurology (H.K., R.W.K.), Haga Hospital, The Hague; Departments of Neurology (H.K., G.M.T., M.D.F.) and Radiology (I.H.P.-M., M.A.v.B., M.C.K.), Leiden University Medical Center; Clinical Neurophysiology (W.H.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands; and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD. h.koppen@hagaziekenhuis.nl.

Neurology
|March 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Right-to-left shunts (RLS) are more common in migraine with aura patients. While RLS are linked to persistent migraine, they don't fully explain brain infarcts in migraineurs.

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