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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 modulates infection-induced diaphragm dysfunction.

Gerald S Supinski1, Alexander P Alimov1, Lin Wang1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|March 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation by cytokines drives infection-induced diaphragm weakness. Inhibiting cPLA2 may prevent this muscle weakness in critically ill patients.

Keywords:
cPLA2calpaincytokinesdiaphragm weaknesssepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Calpain activation is implicated in infection-induced diaphragm weakness.
  • The precise mechanisms linking infection to calpain activation remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation mediates cytokine-induced calpain activation in skeletal muscle cells.
  • To determine if cPLA2 inhibition can prevent infection-induced diaphragm weakness in mice.

Main Methods:

  • C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with cytomix (cytokines and LPS) with or without a cPLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3) or a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger (SS31).
  • Calpain and cPLA2 activity, calpastatin activity, and mitochondrial superoxide generation were assessed.
  • Diaphragm force was measured in mice subjected to cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and treated with a cPLA2 inhibitor (CDIBA).

Main Results:

  • Cytomix increased cPLA2 activity, mitochondrial superoxide generation, and calpain activity in C2C12 cells.
  • Inhibitors of cPLA2 (AACOCF3) and mitochondrial superoxide (SS31) blocked these effects.
  • CLP-induced diaphragm dysfunction in mice was prevented by the cPLA2 inhibitor CDIBA.

Conclusions:

  • cPLA2 plays a critical role in mediating cytokine-induced calpain activation in skeletal muscle cells.
  • Inhibition of cPLA2 can prevent infection-related diaphragm weakness in vivo.
  • Targeting cPLA2 may offer a therapeutic strategy for diaphragm dysfunction in infected, critically ill patients.