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Transferrin as a muscle trophic factor.

E Ozawa

    Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Muscle cell maintenance relies on protein metabolism and trophic factors like transferrin (Tf). While nerves influence muscle fibers, Tf

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    Area of Science:

    • Muscle physiology and cellular biology.
    • Neurotrophic factors and their role in muscle maintenance.
    • Iron metabolism and its impact on muscle cells.

    Background:

    • Muscle cells grow through proliferation and protein accumulation, eventually reaching a maintenance phase.
    • The precise mechanisms of muscle fiber maintenance and the role of satellite cells are not fully understood.
    • Trophic factors, particularly transferrin (Tf), and the motor nerve are crucial for muscle cell DNA and protein synthesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of transferrin (Tf) in muscle cell growth and maintenance.
    • To explore the proposed sources of Tf: motor nerve versus tissue fluid.
    • To examine the effects of Tf and motor nerve innervation on different muscle cell types (myoblasts, myotubes, muscle fibers) in vivo and in vitro.

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    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on muscle cell growth, maintenance, and the effects of trophic factors.
    • Analysis of proposed models for Tf delivery to muscle cells (nerve terminals vs. tissue fluid).
    • Comparison of experimental findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on Tf and motor nerve effects.

    Main Results:

    • Tf is essential for myoblast proliferation and myotube growth and maintenance in vitro; myotubes degenerate upon Tf removal.
    • Innervation is critical for mature muscle fiber maintenance in vivo; denervation leads to atrophy but not degeneration.
    • The precise in vivo effects of Tf on mature muscle fibers remain less understood, despite their possessing Tf receptors (TfR) and iron-binding proteins.

    Conclusions:

    • Tf plays a significant role in muscle cell proliferation and myotube maintenance.
    • While motor nerves are vital for mature muscle fiber maintenance, the specific contribution and source of Tf in vivo require further investigation.
    • Understanding Tf's role is crucial for elucidating muscle maintenance mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.