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Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and a Custom Database to Characterize Bacteria Indigenous to a Unique Cave Environment Kartchner Caverns, AZ, USA
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Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from a show cave.

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A novel bacterium, Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov., was discovered in Ardales Cave, Spain. This aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium expands the known diversity within the Paracoccus genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Air samples from Ardales Cave yielded a unique bacterial isolate.
  • Understanding microbial diversity in unique environments is crucial for ecological and biotechnological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and classify a novel bacterial strain isolated from a Spanish cave.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic relationship of the isolate to known species.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and cultivation of strain 0511ARD5E5T.
  • Gram staining, motility, spore formation, and growth condition analysis.
  • Catalase and oxidase tests, respiratory quinone analysis, fatty acid profiling, and DNA G+C content determination.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridization.

Main Results:

  • Strain 0511ARD5E5T is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium.
  • Optimal growth occurred at 25°C with 1% NaCl; major fatty acids were C18:1ω7c and C16:0; DNA G+C content was 63.2 mol%.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed the strain within the genus Paracoccus, closely related to P. aminophilus and P. marinus, but DNA-DNA relatedness values confirmed it as a distinct species.

Conclusions:

  • Strain 0511ARD5E5T represents a novel species, proposed as Paracoccus cavernae sp. nov.
  • This discovery contributes to the understanding of bacterial diversity in subterranean ecosystems.
  • The proposed type strain is 0511ARD5E5T (=LMG 27962T=CECT 8482T).