[Sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome].

Area of Science:

• Sleep Medicine
• Cardiology
• Neurology

Background:

• Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed condition.
• SAHS is associated with significant comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
• The syndrome negatively impacts quality of life and increases mortality through symptoms like snoring, apneas, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnosis and management of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.
• To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic methods, including polysomnography (gold standard) and respiratory polygraphy (for high pre-test probability cases).
• Discussion of treatment options: lifestyle changes, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), surgical interventions, and intraoral devices.

Main Results:

• Polysomnography is the definitive diagnostic tool.
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary treatment for most patients.
• Alternative treatments like surgery and intraoral devices are available for specific patient groups.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and management of SAHS are crucial to mitigate associated health risks.
• A multi-faceted approach to treatment, tailored to individual patient needs, is essential for improving outcomes.