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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Maternal depression is not just a problem early on.

C Kothari1, J Wiley2, A Moe3

  • 1Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.

Public Health
|March 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Postpartum depression can rebound 18 months after delivery, with two distinct onset peaks identified. Continued screening beyond the first year is recommended for maternal mental health.

Keywords:
Depression prevalenceMaternal depressionOnset

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal mental health research
  • Longitudinal study of maternal well-being
  • Epidemiology of postpartum depression

Background:

  • Limited understanding of depression onset beyond the first postpartum year.
  • Need to examine depression trajectories in diverse community samples.
  • Postpartum period is critical for maternal mental health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the onset and course of depression over 18 months postpartum.
  • To analyze temporal trends in depression symptoms in a community-wide sample.
  • To identify patterns of depression onset beyond the initial postpartum year.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal telephone survey of 249 women.
  • Utilized Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depression measurement.
  • Applied generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression for temporal trend analysis.

Main Results:

  • Depression symptoms decreased until six months, then increased at 18 months postpartum (GEE, P < .001).
  • Depression onset showed a similar trend, with peaks at two weeks and 18 months (GEE, P = .068).
  • Early and late onset groups contributed to the identified depression spikes.

Conclusions:

  • Identified two peaks of postpartum depression: one early and one late.
  • These peaks may represent normal trends and new onsets of major depression.
  • Recommends continued postpartum depression screening beyond the first year.