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Paediatric HIV infection: the potential for cure

Philip J Goulder1, Sharon R Lewin2,3, Ellen M Leitman1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|March 15, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with HIV may offer a greater potential for remission or cure. This review explores factors influencing HIV cure in pediatric cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Anecdotal reports suggest sustained HIV control in children after early antiretroviral therapy (ART) cessation.
  • This raises questions about the potential for HIV remission or cure in pediatric versus adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for HIV cure in children.
  • To analyze the influence of early ART, immune development, and maternal factors on HIV remission in pediatric populations.
  • To discuss unique immunotherapeutic opportunities and challenges in pediatric HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric HIV infection and treatment.
  • Analysis of factors influencing viral control and potential for cure.
  • Discussion of immunotherapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Early ART initiation in children may enhance the potential for sustained viral control.
  • Immune ontogeny and maternal factors play significant roles in HIV remission.
  • Pediatric HIV infection presents distinct opportunities and obstacles for immunotherapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric HIV infection may have a greater intrinsic potential for remission or cure compared to adult infection.
  • Further research into early ART and immunotherapies is crucial for advancing HIV cure strategies in children.

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