Biomonitoring Equivalents for molybdenum.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Toxicology
• Human Health

Background:

• Molybdenum is an essential trace element with established dietary requirements.
• Excessive molybdenum exposure can lead to toxicity.
• Biomonitoring data from surveys like CHMS and NHANES require interpretation for health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To calculate Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for molybdenum in human plasma, whole blood, and urine.
• To establish reference values for both nutritional adequacy and toxicity.
• To provide a tool for interpreting population biomonitoring data.

Main Methods:

• Utilized pharmacokinetic data from controlled human dosing studies.
• Calculated Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) based on established nutritional requirements (EAR) and toxicity guidance values (RfD, TDI, UL).
• Determined BEs for plasma, whole blood, and urine.

Main Results:

• Biomonitoring Equivalents for Estimated Average Requirement (BEEAR) were established: 0.5 μg/L (plasma), 0.45 μg/L (whole blood), and 22 μg/L (urine).
• Biomonitoring Equivalents associated with toxicity range from 0.9-31 μg/L (plasma), 0.8-28 μg/L (whole blood), and 200-7500 μg/L (urine).

Conclusions:

• Calculated BEs provide crucial reference points for interpreting population-level molybdenum biomonitoring data.
• These values aid in assessing molybdenum status concerning both nutritional needs and potential toxicity.
• Facilitates better public health risk assessment and management of molybdenum exposure.