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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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Grass pollen immunotherapy: where are we now.

Peter A Würtzen1, Shashank Gupta1, Stephanie Brand1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Global Research, ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark.

Immunotherapy
|March 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) modifies disease by inducing tolerance through allergen exposure. This review explores immunological changes, like blocking antibodies and regulatory T-cells, that underpin clinical effects in grass pollen AIT.

Keywords:
B-cell epitopesT-cell epitopesbiomarkersgrass allergyimmunotherapymechanism of actionrecombinant allergens

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) aims to induce tolerance and modify allergic disease.
  • Standardized grass AIT, via subcutaneous and sublingual routes, has demonstrated clinical efficacy.
  • Understanding the immunological mechanisms is key to optimizing AIT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent mechanistic findings in subcutaneous and sublingual AIT.
  • To discuss how immunological changes support clinical effects in grass pollen AIT.
  • To explore the potential of immunological changes as biomarkers and inform new treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on grass AIT.
  • Analysis of immunological mechanisms, including antibody and T-cell responses.
  • Correlation of immunological findings with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Both subcutaneous and sublingual AIT induce blocking antibodies.
  • AIT modulates T-cell phenotypes, promoting regulatory T-cell induction.
  • Immunological changes provide a scientific basis for clinical effects in grass AIT.

Conclusions:

  • Immunological shifts observed in AIT are crucial for clinical outcomes.
  • These changes offer potential as biomarkers for treatment efficacy.
  • Mechanistic insights pave the way for novel AIT strategies in grass allergy.