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Soil amendment affects Cd uptake by wheat - are we underestimating the risks from chloride inputs?

A Sigrun Dahlin1, Jan Eriksson1, Colin D Campbell2

  • 1Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 15, 2016
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Summary

Recycled nutrient resources in agriculture can increase wheat cadmium (Cd) levels. Chloride in amendments like human urine mobilizes soil Cd, potentially exceeding safe dietary intake limits and impacting food safety in a circular economy.

Keywords:
Cadmium mobilityChloride complexationCircular economyHuman healthNutrient recoveryWastes

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Global interest in nutrient recycling for a circular economy.
  • Challenges in optimizing recycled soil amendments due to complexity and soil diversity.
  • Risks associated with potentially toxic elements in recycled materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of soil amendments on wheat grain cadmium (Cd) concentration.
  • To compare human urine and biogas digestate with traditional manures and fertilizers.
  • To understand the role of chloride (Cl(-)) in mobilizing soil Cd.

Main Methods:

  • Wheat cultivation trials with different soil amendments.
  • Analysis of wheat grain Cd concentration.
  • Assessment of Cd mobilization by Cl(-) from inherent soil sources.

Main Results:

  • Amendments containing Cl(-), such as human urine and biogas digestate, significantly increased wheat grain Cd concentrations.
  • Chloride mobilized inherent soil Cd, even in soils with low Cd content and low Cd inputs.
  • Elevated wheat grain Cd levels potentially exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) dietary intake limits.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of Cl(-) in recycled nutrient sources poses a significant risk to food safety.
  • Understanding the interaction between amendments, soil properties, and toxic elements is crucial for safe nutrient recycling.
  • Careful management is needed to ensure circular economy initiatives do not compromise food security or safety.