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Compact InGaAsP/InP 3 × 3  multimode-interference coupler-based electro-optic switch.

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    We developed a compact 3x3 electro-optic switch using multimode interference (MMI) couplers for optical networks. This device offers low crosstalk and high extinction ratios, ideal for integrated photonic circuits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Semiconductor Devices

    Background:

    • Optical switches are crucial for high-performance optical communication networks, demanding low crosstalk, insertion loss, high speed, and power efficiency.
    • Multimode-interference (MMI) coupler-based switches are essential for constructing large-scale optical switch matrices.
    • Existing technologies face challenges in achieving compact, efficient, and scalable optical switching solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a compact 3x3 electro-optic switch utilizing the carrier injection effect in InGaAsP/InP.
    • To evaluate the performance of the MMI coupler-based switch in terms of crosstalk, extinction ratio, switching energy, and operational frequency.
    • To assess the suitability of this device for on-chip photonic integrated circuits.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 2780 μm x 18 μm MMI coupler electro-optic switch on InGaAsP/InP substrates.
    • Utilizing carrier injection and index modulation via applied bias voltages to control switching states.
    • Conducting simulations to predict device performance metrics and experimental validation of a switching state.

    Main Results:

    • Simulated low crosstalk (< -22 dB) and high extinction ratio (> 23 dB).
    • Achieved low electrical switching energy (~ 2.0 pJ/bit) and a maximum operational frequency (~ 1.0 GHz).
    • Experimentally validated a switching state with ~25 mA current injection and ~2.5-3.0 V bias.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated 3x3 MMI coupler electro-optic switch is compact and efficient.
    • The device shows promising performance for optical communication networks and future on-chip photonic applications.
    • Monolithic integration of such switches is key for advancing photonic integrated circuits.