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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The current nosological paradigm in psychiatry, reinforced by the DSM-III, has led to the neglect of European diagnostic traditions and psychopathological descriptions.
    • This diagnostic approach fails to recognize specific conditions in mentally impaired patients, such as atypical psychoses and motivational deficit syndrome.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To advocate for a shift towards a dimensional and functional psychiatric paradigm.
    • To integrate recent neuroscientific advancements, particularly in genetics and intracellular mechanisms, into psychiatric diagnostics and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical psychiatric diagnostic traditions and current nosological frameworks.
    • Analysis of the impact of gene transcription, neurotransmitter expression, and receptor function on psychiatric disorder pathophysiology.
    • Exploration of the implications for psychiatric treatment approaches.

    Main Results:

    • The dominance of the nosological paradigm has resulted in a loss of critical psychopathological descriptions.
    • Neuroscientific advances highlight the role of genetic and intracellular mechanisms in psychiatric disorders, suggesting a need for a dimensional approach.
    • Gene transcription's effect on neurotransmitters and receptors may explain vulnerability and relapse in psychiatric conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • A dimensional and functional psychiatric paradigm is necessary to incorporate neuroscientific findings.
    • This paradigm shift can improve the understanding and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, especially in vulnerable populations.
    • An anticipatory treatment approach, informed by genetic and functional insights, is recommended.