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Chromosomes in plasma-cell malignancies.

H Van Den Berghe

    European Journal of Haematology. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chromosome changes in multiple myeloma (MM) are not well understood but are common. These abnormalities, often complex, resemble those in other B-cell cancers and can indicate therapy-induced leukemia.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Cytogenetics
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Limited understanding of chromosomal alterations in multiple myeloma (MM) compared to other hematological malignancies.
    • Malignant plasma cells and their precursors likely possess abnormal karyotypes, though prevalence is unknown.
    • Chromosomal changes in MM are early events, with rapid and early karyotypic evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spectrum of chromosome changes in multiple myeloma.
    • To identify common and specific chromosomal anomalies associated with MM and plasma-cell leukemia.
    • To explore the relationship between chromosomal anomalies and therapy-induced leukemia.

    Main Methods:

    • Karyotypic analysis of multiple myeloma and plasma-cell leukemia cases.

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  • Identification and characterization of structural and numerical chromosome anomalies.
  • Comparison of chromosomal changes with those found in other B-cell malignancies.

    • Main Results:

    • No specific structural or numerical anomaly is uniquely associated with multiple myeloma or plasma-cell leukemia.
    • Common changes include 14q+ marker (30% of abnormal cases), often due to t(11;14) (50% of these).
    • Complex karyotypes with anomalies in chromosomes 1, 11, 17, 3, 7, 9, and 11 are frequent; 6q deletions and other B-cell translocations are sporadic.
    • Anomalies of chromosomes 5 and 7 may indicate therapy-induced leukemia.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple myeloma exhibits diverse and complex chromosomal abnormalities, similar to other B-cell malignancies.
    • The 14q+ marker, particularly t(11;14), is a significant finding in a subset of MM cases.
    • Specific chromosomal anomalies, especially involving chromosomes 5 and 7, may serve as indicators for therapy-induced leukemia.