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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

955
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
955
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.6K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.6K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.2K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

1.5K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.5K
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

7.1K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
7.1K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.8K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.8K

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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Hypersensitivity lo local anesthetics.

Alicja Grzanka, Iwona Wasilewska, Magdalena Śliwczyńska

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy in Zabrze Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. hanna.misiolek@gmail.com.

Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy
|March 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Local anesthetics can cause side effects, including severe hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylaxis. Prompt detection and specific diagnostic procedures are crucial for managing these adverse events in clinical practice.

Keywords:
hypersensitivitylocal anestehticslocal anesthesiaskin tests

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Local anesthetics are widely used by anesthesiologists and dentists.
  • Their use carries a risk of adverse side effects, ranging from mild to life-threatening.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, are a significant clinical concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of observing and researching side effects of local anesthetics.
  • To outline diagnostic procedures for hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetics.
  • To guide healthcare providers in managing patients experiencing adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed observation and research of side effects using a proposed chart.
  • Clinical examination and specialist consultations.
  • Diagnosis based on medical history, tryptase activity measurement, skin tests, and provocation trials.

Main Results:

  • A variety of side effects can occur with local anesthesia, with varying intensity.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis are key concerns for clinicians.
  • Specific diagnostic protocols are essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must be adept at detecting hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetics.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including history, tryptase levels, skin tests, and provocation, is recommended.
  • Screening tests are not advised for individuals without a history of local anesthetic hypersensitivity.