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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

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Potential movement of transposable elements through DNA circularization.

Tobias Mourier1

  • 1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oester Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark. tmourier@snm.ku.dk.

Current Genetics
|March 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular DNA formation may facilitate the movement of transposable elements across genomes. This genomic variation could offer a novel mechanism for mobile genetic element transposition.

Keywords:
Long terminal repeatsMobile DNATranspositionYeasteccDNA

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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
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Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circular DNA molecules are increasingly recognized as a form of genomic structural variation.
  • Their presence has been observed across diverse eukaryotic species, cell types, and genomic locations.
  • A potential role in the transposition of mobile genetic elements is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of circular DNA in the movement of transposable elements.
  • To explore the implications of circular DNA formation for genomic structural variation.
  • To understand the potential mechanisms of transposable element mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circular DNA structures in yeast.
  • Identification and characterization of transposable element sequences within circular DNA.
  • Comparison of circular DNA-associated transposable elements with known transposition mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Circular DNA structures in yeast frequently contain full-length transposable elements.
  • The predominant yeast transposable element, LTR retrotransposons, were found in circular forms.
  • This suggests that LTR retrotransposons might utilize a cut-and-paste mechanism via circularization, in addition to their canonical copy-and-paste mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Circular DNA formation represents a significant, yet underappreciated, genomic structural variation.
  • Transposable elements may leverage circular DNA intermediates for genomic relocation.
  • This process could impact genome plasticity and evolution, warranting further investigation.