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Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

The RNA Response to DNA Damage.

Luciana E Giono¹, Nicolás Nieto Moreno¹, Adrián E Cambindo Botto¹

¹Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Journal of Molecular Biology

|March 17, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The DNA damage response (DDR) involves intricate RNA regulation. This review details how RNA metabolism and the DDR influence each other, highlighting their complex interplay in maintaining genome integrity.

Keywords:

DNA damage response RNA processing alternative splicing ncRNAs p53

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cell Biology

Background:

Multicellular organisms require genome integrity to prevent mutations, cell death, and cancer.
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a critical network for sensing and signaling DNA damage, initiating repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis.
The DDR regulates various cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and protein modification.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the DNA damage response and RNA metabolism.
To elucidate the dual role of RNAs and RNA metabolism as both regulators and targets within the DDR.

Main Methods:

Literature review of accumulated evidence.
Synthesis of current knowledge on DNA damage and RNA interactions.

Main Results:

Evidence shows RNAs and RNA metabolism are integral to the DDR.
RNA processing, translation, and turnover are regulated by the DDR.
The DDR itself is influenced by RNA molecules and their metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

The interplay between RNA metabolism and the DDR is crucial for maintaining cellular function and genome stability.
Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending cellular responses to DNA damage and preventing diseases like cancer.