Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1.7K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
1.7K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.2K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
9.2K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

13.8K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
13.8K
Caspases01:24

Caspases

14.5K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
14.5K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

9.1K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
9.1K
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

7.1K
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Irisin in the aging immune landscape: A new player at the crossroads of immunosenescence and sepsis.

Ageing research reviews·2026
Same author

Alpha-synuclein at the crossroads of host-virus interactions: immunological roles beyond the nervous system.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Irisin hampers β-amyloid-induced microglial inflammation <i>via</i> the miR-451a/TLR4/NLRP3 axis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Evaluating long non-coding RNA signatures as biomarkers for inflammatory pathway regulation and rehabilitative outcomes in Parkinson's disease: toward a precision medicine approach.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial D-Loop Region Methylation Is Not Altered in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Epigenomes·2026
Same author

AI-based autism identification from hyperspectral imaging detection of oxidative stress in pediatric red blood cells.

Communications medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

804

Multiple inflammasome complexes are activated in autistic spectrum disorders.

Marina Saresella1, Federica Piancone1, Ivana Marventano1

  • 1Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Piazza Morandi, 3, 20121 Milano, Italy.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|March 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Inflammasome activation and neuroinflammation are present in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Gastrointestinal alterations may link to neuroinflammation, suggesting inflammasome-targeted therapies for ASD.

Keywords:
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD)IFABPInflammasomeNLRP3Neuroinflammation

More Related Videos

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
06:52

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Published on: May 21, 2018

11.4K
Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
07:38

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

804
Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
06:52

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Published on: May 21, 2018

11.4K
Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
07:38

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Inflammasomes are protein complexes regulating inflammatory cytokine production.
  • Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD).
  • This study investigates inflammasome activity in ASD and its potential link to gastrointestinal (GI) alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze inflammasome activity in children with ASD.
  • To explore the role of GI barrier alterations in inflammasome activation in ASD.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for ASD-associated neuroinflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed inflammasome activity, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 levels in 25 ASD children, 23 healthy siblings (HS), and 30 healthy controls (HC).
  • Measured serum parameters of GI damage, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP).
  • Analyzed AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-37 levels.

Main Results:

  • ASD children showed upregulated AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes with increased IL-1β and IL-18 production.
  • A reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-33 and an increase in the suppressor cytokine IL-37 were observed in ASD.
  • Increased IFABP levels in ASD and HS indicated altered GI permeability.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammasome activation is confirmed in ASD, contributing to neuroinflammation.
  • GI alterations may be linked to neuroinflammation in ASD.
  • Targeting inflammasome pathways presents a potential therapeutic strategy for ASD.