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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Status and Baseline Neurocognitive Performance in High School Athletes.

Christine M Salinas1,2,3,4, Preston Dean2, Anthony LoGalbo3

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Athletes with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show lower cognitive scores and are more likely to have had previous concussions. Understanding ADHD

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Approximately 136,000 concussions occur annually in American high school sports.
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 11% of youth and may complicate concussion recovery.
  • Existing research on ADHD and traumatic brain injury (TBI) primarily focuses on non-sports-related incidents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ADHD and sports-related concussions.
  • To assess the impact of ADHD on baseline neurocognitive testing in adolescent athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared neurocognitive test scores of adolescent athletes with ADHD (n=256) to those without ADHD (n=256).
  • Analyzed the prevalence of prior concussions in athletes with and without ADHD.

Main Results:

  • Athletes with ADHD exhibited significantly lower scores in Verbal Memory, Visual Motor skills, and Impulse Control.
  • Athletes with ADHD were nearly twice as likely to have a history of concussion (14.1%) compared to peers without ADHD (7.8%).

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is associated with specific neurocognitive deficits in adolescent athletes.
  • ADHD may increase vulnerability to sports-related concussions and affect recovery.
  • Recognizing the neurocognitive profile of athletes with ADHD can improve clinical management.