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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

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Transconjunctival Approach for Injection into the Rat Optic Nerve

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The progress in optic nerve regeneration, where are we?

Jennifer Wei Huen Shum¹, Kai Liu², Kwok-Fai So³

¹Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Neural Regeneration Research

|March 17, 2016

Summary

Optic nerve regeneration research aims to restore vision in optic neuropathy and neurodegenerative diseases by overcoming central nervous system regeneration barriers. Strategies include enhancing neuronal survival and axon regrowth.

Keywords:

axonal regeneration inflammatory stimulation nerve bridging substances neurotrophic factor optic nerve regeneration

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Optic nerve regeneration is crucial for treating optic neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases.
Mammalian central nervous system regeneration is hindered by intrinsic non-permissiveness and apoptosis following injury.
Key steps for optic nerve regeneration include enhancing neuronal survival, promoting axon regrowth, remyelination, and functional synapse restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current therapeutic strategies for optic nerve regeneration.
To outline essential steps required for successful optic nerve regeneration in mammals.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current potential treatments for optic nerve regeneration.
Discussion of strategies targeting neuronal survival, axon regeneration, remyelination, and synaptic connections.

Main Results:

Identified hurdles to mammalian optic nerve regeneration: non-permissive CNS environment and apoptosis.
Outlined essential regenerative steps: neuronal survival, axon growth, remyelination, and functional reinnervation.

Conclusions:

Current research explores various treatments including neurotrophic factors, inflammatory stimulation, growth inhibition suppression, and signaling modification.
Overcoming regeneration barriers requires a multifaceted approach targeting neuronal survival, axon growth, and functional integration.