Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.0K

Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?

Sin-Yeang Teow1, Alif Che Nordin2, Syed A Ali3

  • 1Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Advances in Virology
|March 17, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Exosomes, tiny vesicles, play a dual role in HIV infection, potentially promoting or inhibiting the virus. Understanding these exosomes could lead to new HIV/AIDS therapies and vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Exosomes are nanometre-sized vesicles involved in intercellular communication.
  • Exosomes share proteomic and lipid similarities with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1).
  • Exosomes are found in various biological fluids and originate from diverse cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual roles of exosomes in regulating HIV pathogenesis.
  • To highlight factors influencing exosome function in HIV infection.
  • To explore the potential of exosomes in developing novel HIV/AIDS therapeutic strategies and vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on exosomes and HIV.
  • Analysis of proteomic and lipid profiles of exosomes and HIV-1.
  • Investigation of exosome origins and their impact on HIV infection.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes can exhibit opposing effects on HIV pathogenesis, either promoting or inhibiting infection.
  • The cellular origin of exosomes influences their role in HIV-1 regulation.
  • Exosomes from HIV-infected subjects share characteristics with HIV-1 particles.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes present a new paradigm for HIV/AIDS therapy.
  • Further understanding of exosome-HIV interactions can advance antiviral strategies and vaccine design.
  • Exosomes' dual role in HIV infection warrants further investigation for therapeutic applications.

More Related Videos

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions09:36

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

4.5K
Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

13.1K

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.9K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
5.2K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.5K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
2.8K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.7K