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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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[Developments in modern cataract surgery – a critical overview].

Rupert Menapace1

  • 11 Universitätsaugenklinik Wien.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|March 17, 2016
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Recent cataract surgery advances include micro-incisions, laser emulsification, femtolasers, and improved intraocular lenses (IOLs) for better vision and presbyopia correction. Innovations also focus on preventing capsule opacification and exploring cost-effective bilateral surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • Cataract surgery has undergone significant advancements.
  • Minimally invasive techniques and novel intraocular lenses (IOLs) are transforming patient outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To review recent innovations in cataract surgery.
  • To discuss advancements in surgical techniques, IOL technology, and future treatment possibilities.

Summary:

  • Micro-incision cataract surgery (MICS) utilizes incisions <2mm.
  • Femtolasers enable precise incisions in ocular structures.
  • New IOLs, including aspheric, multifocal, and extended depth-of-focus designs, enhance visual quality and correct presbyopia.
  • Techniques and IOL materials improve secondary cataract prevention.
  • Laser phacoemulsification and advanced biometry refine surgical procedures.

Impact:

  • Enhanced visual acuity and quality of vision post-surgery.
  • Improved correction of presbyopia, reducing spectacle dependence.
  • Reduced complications such as secondary capsule opacification.
  • Potential for cost-effective same-session bilateral cataract surgery.