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Related Concept Videos

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Since the early 2000s, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has grown rapidly, playing a crucial role in self-development. A key distinction between CMC and real-life interactions is the lack of a physically present partner. This absence makes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic signals unavailable in CMC platforms like email, instant messaging, or social media. The lack of these cues can create ambiguity and complicate how feedback is interpreted.The...
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
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Narrative self-constitution and vulnerability to co-authoring.

Doug McConnell1

  • 1Philosophy Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. doug.mcconnell@gmail.com.

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
|March 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

People

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Individuals' self-concepts are susceptible to external influences.
  • The theory of narrative self-constitution posits that self-narration skills are developed interpersonally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vulnerability of self-concept formation to external co-authorship.
  • To explore how this vulnerability impacts autonomy and self-narrative content.
  • To examine the role of co-authorship in the context of childhood sexual abuse survival.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis using the narrative self-constitution framework.
  • Qualitative analysis of first-hand accounts from women who survived childhood sexual abuse.

Main Results:

Keywords:
AutonomyCo-authoringNarrativeVulnerability

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  • Vulnerability to co-authoring is integral to developing self-narratives and autonomy.
  • External co-authors can both foster and undermine an individual's autonomy by shaping self-narrative content.
  • Survivors face challenges in re-establishing self-authoring skills, with external support being crucial for healing.
  • Conclusions:

    • The therapeutic relationship and healthcare professionals play a significant role in navigating the complexities of self-narrative co-authoring.
    • Understanding vulnerability to co-authoring is essential for therapeutic interventions, particularly for survivors of trauma.
    • Re-developing authorial control over one's self-narrative is a key aspect of healing and autonomy.