Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

61.4K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
61.4K
The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

34.4K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
34.4K
Quantifying Work02:30

Quantifying Work

25.0K
As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
25.0K
Work-energy Theorem01:42

Work-energy Theorem

34.3K
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the sum of all the forces acting on a particle (net force) determines the rate of change in the momentum of the particle (motion). Therefore, we should consider the work done by all forces acting on a particle, or the net work, to see its effect on the particle’s motion.
The work-energy theorem equates work done by all the forces on an object to the change in its kinetic energy. The theorem can be used to calculate work done by a force...
34.3K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

34.5K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
34.5K
Positive, Negative, and Zero Work00:58

Positive, Negative, and Zero Work

22.7K
Work is done on an object when energy is transferred to the object. In other words, work is done when a force acts on a body that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. By definition, the work done by a force is the integral of the force with respect to the displacement along its path. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can occur along various paths between two points. The magnitude of a force multiplied by the cosine of the angle that the force makes...
22.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Velocity Multistability vs. Ergodicity Breaking in a Biased Periodic Potential.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Quasistatic work processes: When slowness implies certainty.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Comment on "Measurability of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in terms of the Hamiltonian of mean force".

Physical review. E·2021
Same author

Quasi-stationary states of game-driven systems: A dynamical approach.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2020
Same author

Ratchet-driven fluid transport in bounded two-layer films of immiscible liquids.

Soft matter·2020
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K

Aspects of quantum work.

Peter Talkner1,2, Peter Hänggi1,3

  • 1Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|March 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares methods for defining and measuring work in quantum systems. It highlights how measurement interactions affect work calculations, crucial for understanding quantum processes.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Measurement Theory

Background:

  • Defining and measuring work in quantum systems is challenging due to the sensitivity of quantum states to measurement interactions.
  • Work is a process-dependent quantity, not an instantaneous state, necessitating careful consideration of the measurement protocol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare various operational definitions and measurement scenarios for determining work performed on quantum systems.
  • To analyze a specific work meter using a Gaussian pointer state and compare its performance against projective and Gaussian measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of different measurement schemes, including projective and Gaussian measurements.
  • Analysis of post-measurement states and probability distributions for work values.
  • Investigation of work meter performance under varying measurement strengths.

Main Results:

  • In the strong measurement limit, the work distribution converges with projective energy measurements.
  • In the weak measurement limit, the average work becomes measurement-independent, but fluctuations diverge.
  • The study illustrates work meter performance using a spin system in a time-dependent magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • Operational definitions of work must account for the process-dependent nature and measurement back-action.
  • The choice of measurement strategy significantly impacts the calculated work distribution and its properties.
  • The analyzed work meter shows distinct behaviors depending on the effective measurement strength.