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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

68.0K
In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.5K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.8K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

7.1K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
7.1K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

5.5K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
5.5K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

7.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
7.1K

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Fingering dynamics driven by a precipitation reaction: Nonlinear simulations.

Priyanka Shukla1,2, A De Wit1

  • 1Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, CP 231, Faculté des Sciences, Campus Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

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Precipitation fingering, driven by chemical reactions, creates fluid flow instabilities. Unlike viscous fingering, these patterns form faster and show unique asymmetric behaviors based on reactant concentrations and diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Chemical reaction engineering
  • Porous media physics

Background:

  • Fingering instabilities occur when a more mobile fluid displaces a less mobile one.
  • Viscous fingering is a common example in porous media.
  • Precipitation reactions can alter fluid mobility and cause fingering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically analyze precipitation fingering patterns from A+B→C reactions.
  • To compare precipitation fingering with reactive viscous fingering.
  • To understand the factors influencing precipitation fingering asymmetry and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of fluid displacement with precipitation.
  • Analysis of fingering pattern morphology.
  • Investigation of concentration and diffusion effects.

Main Results:

  • Precipitation fingering exhibits asymmetry depending on which reactant invades the other.
  • Asymmetry is linked to differing reactant concentrations or diffusion coefficients.
  • Precipitation fingering occurs at shorter timescales than viscous fingering due to zero diffusivity of the solid product.
  • Instability is enhanced when high-concentration solution displaces low-concentration solution or faster diffusing reactant displaces slower one.

Conclusions:

  • Precipitation fingering is a distinct phenomenon from viscous fingering, characterized by faster development and unique asymmetric patterns.
  • Reactant concentration and diffusion properties significantly influence precipitation fingering dynamics.
  • The formation of a low-diffusivity solid product is a key destabilizing factor.