Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

500
Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
500
Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

71.6K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
71.6K
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

69.2K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
69.2K
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.7K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.7K
Combining Functions01:16

Combining Functions

328
Functions can be combined to form new mathematical models that describe interactions between variables. These combinations are fundamental in understanding relationships between changing quantities and are commonly encountered in scientific and engineering contexts. The combination methods—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition—each have unique implications for the resulting function’s domain and behavior.When combining functions through arithmetic...
328
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

338
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
338

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anticipatory eye movements revisited: From affordances and actions to consequences and states.

Brain research·2025
Same author

Premises for digital twins reporting on Atlantic salmon wellbeing.

Behavioural processes·2025
Same author

Beyond the mosaic model of brain evolution: Rearing environment defines local and global plasticity.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2024
Same author

Widespread asymmetries of amygdala nuclei predict auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.

BMC psychiatry·2024
Same author

Brain asymmetry is globally different in males and females: exploring cortical volume, area, thickness, and mean curvature.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2023
Same author

Autism-spectrum traits in neurotypicals predict the embodiment of manipulation knowledge about object concepts: Evidence from eyetracking.

PloS one·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.1K

Gestalt Reasoning with Conjunctions and Disjunctions.

Magda L Dumitru1,2, Gitte H Joergensen3,4

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Plos One
|March 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thinking processes are influenced by perceptual properties. This study shows that people link conjunctions to visually dependent stimuli and disjunctions to independent stimuli, guided by Gestalt principles.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.9K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.1K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.9K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Abstract reasoning tasks, such as solving equations or planning sentences, are influenced by perceptual properties of stimuli.
  • Mental representations in abstract tasks are expected to interact with the physical characteristics of manipulated objects and situations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mental representations evoked by conjunction and disjunction expressions in language-picture matching tasks.
  • To determine if Gestalt principles influence how people evaluate the fit between linguistic descriptions and visual stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Three experimental studies were conducted using language-picture matching tasks.
  • Participants matched conjunction (e.g., 'and') and disjunction (e.g., 'or') descriptions to binary visual displays.
  • Visual stimuli were manipulated to vary in perceptual dependency based on Gestalt principles (common fate, proximity, similarity).

Main Results:

  • Reasoners associated conjunction descriptions with perceptually-dependent visual stimuli.
  • Reasoners associated disjunction descriptions with perceptually-independent visual stimuli.
  • The status of visual dependency aligned with established Gestalt principles.

Conclusions:

  • Mental representations in abstract reasoning interact with perceptual properties of stimuli.
  • Gestalt principles guide the evaluation of perceptual compatibility in language comprehension.
  • Conjunctions are linked to integrated, dependent perceptions, while disjunctions are linked to separate, independent perceptions.