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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Detection and Monitoring of Tumor Associated Circulating DNA in Patient Biofluids
06:53

Detection and Monitoring of Tumor Associated Circulating DNA in Patient Biofluids

Published on: June 8, 2019

9.3K

Circulating Plasma Tumor DNA.

Heather A Parsons1, Julia A Beaver1, Ben H Park2

  • 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Bunting and Blaustein Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 151, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) in blood can indicate cancer. Advanced techniques are improving the detection of this tumor DNA, enabling sensitive liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

Keywords:
Breast cancer biomarkerCancer biomarkerCirculating cell-free DNADigital PCRPlasma tumor DNATagged next-generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is DNA found freely in the bloodstream, originating from normal and diseased cells.
  • Elevated ccfDNA levels were observed in cancer patients as early as the 1970s.
  • The maternal fetal medicine field pioneered techniques for detecting fetal ccfDNA for diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of circulating cell-free plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) as a blood-based biomarker for cancer.
  • To discuss the evolution and current state of ptDNA detection methodologies.
  • To highlight improvements in sensitivity for liquid biopsy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of techniques for identifying and quantifying ptDNA within the larger ccfDNA pool.
  • Discussion of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for sensitive DNA detection.
  • Exploration of tagged next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches for enhanced accuracy.

Main Results:

  • ptDNA, derived from tumor-specific variations, can serve as a highly specific cancer biomarker.
  • Liquid biopsies theoretically offer real-time assessment of tumor genotype and burden.
  • Recent advancements have significantly improved the detection sensitivity of ptDNA, overcoming historical limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating cell-free plasma tumor DNA holds significant promise as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer.
  • Developing technologies are enhancing the utility of liquid biopsies for clinical applications.
  • Improved detection rates are making ptDNA a more viable tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.