Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 24, 2026
Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
An exploratory study on speech and hearing outcomes in children with cleft lip and palate
H Mohd Ibrahim1, F H Mohamed Yusoff2, K Ahmad3
1Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Speech Sciences Program, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. hasherah@hotmail.com.
Introduction:
Little is known about the treatment outcomes of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) receiving surgical care for primary lip and palate closure in Malaysia.
Objectives:
This study examined the speech and hearing status of Malay-speaking children with CLP residing in Kuala Lumpur.
Methods:
Parents whose children were between the age of 5 and 7 years were recruited via the Cleft Lip and Palate Association of Malaysia (CLAPAM) registry. Parents completed a survey and the children completed a speech and hearing assessment at the Audiology and Speech Sciences Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Outcomes:
Speech measures include nasality rating, nasalance scores, articulation errors and speech intelligibility rating, while hearing measures include hearing thresholds and tympanometry results for each child.
Results:
Out of 118 registered members who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 21 agreed to participate in the study. The overall speech and hearing status of children in this sample were poor. Only four (19%) participants had normal speech intelligibility rating and normal hearing bilaterally. In terms of overall cleft management, only four (19%) participants were seen by a cleft team while seven (33%) had never had their hearing tested prior to this study.
Conclusion:
Participants in this sample had poor outcomes in speech and hearing and received uncoordinated and fragmented cleft care. This finding calls for further large scale research and collaborative efforts into improving and providing centralised, multidisciplinary care for children born with CLP.
