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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
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Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma - Penang experience.

S Y Ng1, K C Pua2, Z Zahirrudin2

  • 1Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jalan Residensi, 10450 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. cammy_ng_83@yahoo.com.

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Summary

Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is a rare cancer. Early diagnosis and accurate staging with MRI are crucial for better management and prognosis.

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A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is a rare malignancy.
  • Diagnosis, staging, and management of TBSCC present significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a case series of TBSCC patients.
  • To highlight diagnostic clues, staging accuracy, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of six TBSCC cases diagnosed between January 2009 and June 2014.
  • Clinical presentation, imaging (HRCT, MRI), surgical procedures (LTBR, parotidectomy), and pathological findings were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • All patients presented with otorrhagia and external auditory canal mass.
  • High-resolution CT (HRCT) findings sometimes differed from intraoperative observations, emphasizing MRI's role in staging.
  • Positive margins, perineural invasion, and parotid/glenoid involvement correlated with poorer prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Blood-stain discharge and external auditory canal mass are key indicators for TBSCC suspicion.
  • MRI is recommended for accurate staging, particularly for middle ear and soft tissue invasion.
  • While en bloc resection is standard, piecemeal removal can be effective for T2-3 disease with negative margins. T4 tumors generally have poor outcomes.