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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Functional neuroimaging studies in mood disorders.

Morgan Haldane¹, Sophia Frangou¹

¹1Section of Neurobiology of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.

Acta Neuropsychiatrica

|March 19, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Functional neuroimaging reveals consistent limbic hyperactivity in mood disorders, alongside prefrontal cortex dysfunction. These brain changes are often reversible with treatment, offering insights into mood disorder neural circuitry.

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Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Published on: March 14, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Imaging

Background:

Functional brain imaging techniques are increasingly used to study the neural circuitry of mood disorders.
Understanding these circuits is crucial for advancing treatments for conditions like depression and bipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

To review functional neuroimaging studies in patients with primary mood disorders.
To identify common findings and controversies in the existing literature on mood disorder neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

A selective review of published articles from 1980 to July 2005.
Searches were conducted using relevant keywords in on-line databases and key journals.

Main Results:

Consistent limbic region hyperactivity observed in depressive and potentially manic states.
Evidence suggests prefrontal cortex compromise, indicated by cortical inefficiency or reduced limbic connectivity.
Observed functional changes are often reversible with clinical remission, though prefrontal deficits may be state-dependent.

Conclusions:

Functional neuroimaging findings converge across studies despite varied modalities, showing no significant differences between unipolar and bipolar depression.
Further research is needed to understand functional changes in mania, medication effects, cognitive task utility, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) interactions.